Cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae, are a widespread group of organisms that play a crucial role in the ecosystem. With thousands of different species, these algae primarily carry out photosynthesis and release oxygen. However, under certain conditions, they can also produce toxic compounds called cyanotoxins, which can be fatal to a wide range of animals.
Despite their potential harm, the reason behind the production of cyanotoxins by cyanobacteria remains a mystery. According to Dr Anne Jungblut, an expert in algae, these toxins are energetically costly, which suggests that there must be a significant purpose for their production. However, the exact reason is still unknown, and theories such as communication, defence, or iron uptake have been proposed, but no consensus has been reached. The triggers for cyanotoxin production are also elusive, with temperature and nutrient levels being potential factors.
In 2020, cyanobacteria were among the suspected causes of the mass deaths of elephants. However, due to restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, on-site investigations were limited, and evidence linking the microbes to the event was scarce. Other possible causes, such as poaching, drought, and infection by other bacteria, were also suggested.
Davide, a PhD student supervised by the Natural History Museum, Kings College London, and Plymouth Marine Laboratory, was studying the link between algal blooms and historic animal deaths. He believed that satellite observations could provide valuable insights into the mysterious deaths of the elephants.
While satellite data is routinely used to monitor algal blooms, it is not often utilized to investigate mass mortality events. However, given the unprecedented scale of the elephant deaths, it was crucial to utilize all available evidence to determine the cause of the tragedy. Therefore, Davide turned to satellite observations to shed light on the mysterious deaths of these endangered animals.
In conclusion, cyanobacteria are a vital part of the ecosystem, but their production of cyanotoxins can have devastating consequences. The reason behind this production remains unknown, and the recent elephant deaths have highlighted the need for further research. By utilizing satellite observations, we can gain valuable insights into these events and potentially prevent future tragedies.