“China’s Green Revolution: A Game-Changer in Global Dynamics” 

China’s ambitious green initiatives have sparked significant discussions not only within its borders but also across the globe, particularly focusing on their potential impact on the Global South. The country’s massive production capabilities, especially concerning solar panels, electric vehicles (EVs), and lithium batteries, place it at the forefront of the low-carbon energy transition. With the U.S. and EU increasingly concerned about what they perceive as overcapacity and unfair trade practices, many developing economies are recognizing opportunities to benefit from these advancements.During her April visit to China, U.S. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen raised concerns about the Chinese economy’s “imbalances and overcapacity.” This term has become central to discussions around China’s dominance in specific industrial sectors, especially the new commodities associated with the energy transition—solar power, EVs, and lithium-ion batteries. According to experts, these sectors are not only pivotal for China’s green energy goals but also represent significant global market opportunities.Overcapacity occurs when production surpasses demand. This phenomenon can lead to lower prices, affecting competitiveness globally. The U.S. and EU have responded by imposing tariffs: 100% on Chinese EVs, 25% on lithium-ion batteries, and 50% on solar cells. The EU followed suit, introducing up to 45% tariffs on new imports.Despite these concerns, not everyone agrees with the portrayal of China’s green technology sectors as suffering from overcapacity. Some analysts argue this surplus could actually propel the global shift toward renewable energy, particularly for nations within the Global South, who may rely heavily on affordable green technologies. If treated as strategic assets, these excess capabilities could fast-track the transition to low-carbon energy sources worldwide.China’s role as the world’s largest battery producer highlights its position within the global supply chain. The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates China accounts for roughly 75% of lithium-ion battery production—essential for the burgeoning EV market. Its dominance extends to solar panels, with over 80% of the global supply originating from Chinese manufacturers. Recent reports indicate exports of Chinese solar products increased by 34% during the first half of 2023, showcasing both the demand and intrinsic value of these technologies.Chinese President Xi Jinping has previously dismissed the notion of overcapacity. He emphasized at various forums, including the China-France-EU trilateral meeting, the country’s strong commitment to sustainable energy objectives. Meanwhile, Chinese economists like Chen Yuyu have framed the current economic situation more as one of demand fluctuation rather than excessive supply.The outlook for low-carbon technologies is bright, as both Chinese and international demands for renewable technology are set to rise significantly. The IEA projects glo